http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=pubmed
Search
Results for: imaging conjunctival vessels
(selections from 738 results)
-----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9194771
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/17/6/1178
Arterioscler
Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997 Jun;17(6):1178-84.
Related Articles, Links
Vitamin
C reduces cholesterol-induced microcirculatory changes in rabbits.
Freyschuss
A, Xiu RJ, Zhang J, Ying X, Diczfalusy
U, Jogestrand T, Henriksson
P, Bjorkhem I.
Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute,
The microcirculation was studied for 10
weeks in untreated rabbits (n = 12) and in rabbits treated with vitamin C in
their drinking water (0.5 g/d; n = 6), a 1% cholesterol diet (n = 12), or a
combination of the two treatments (n = 11). The studies were performed by
direct intravital microscopic imaging of the
conjunctiva of both eyes to evaluate blood flow velocity, microvessel
diameter, and microhemorheologic conditions. As we
reported previously, changes occurred in all of the aforementioned variables as
a consequence of cholesterol feeding. After 3 and 6 weeks of feeding, there was
a marked and significant (P < .0001) decrease in blood flow velocity in
third-order arterioles, which was accompanied by stasis and erythrocyte
aggregation in the smaller conjunctival vessels. When
cholesterol treatment was combined with vitamin C, blood flow was almost
identical to that of controls and significantly (P < .0001) higher than that
of rabbits treated with cholesterol alone. All other changes were also
significantly reduced by the addition of vitamin C treatment to the cholesterol
diet. Cholesterol-treated rabbits developed macroscopic arterial lesions that
were not significantly reduced by vitamin C treatment. Neither circulating oxysterol levels nor atheromas
were reduced by vitamin C treatment, which also had no significant effect on
lipid or circulating vitamin E levels. We have previously shown that the
lipid-soluble antioxidant BHT is able to prevent both cholesterol-induced
microcirculatory changes and the development of arterial lesions in rabbits.
This phenomenon is compatible with a critical oxidation step occurring in the
lipid phase that is common to both processes. The finding that microcirculatory
changes can be prevented by a water-soluble antioxidant is compatible with a
role for water-soluble oxidants in this context. The possibility is discussed
that vitamin C might also be important for the microcirculation in humans.
PMID: 9194771 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
---------------------------------------------
Ophthalmic Physiol
Opt. 2002 May;22(3):234-43. Related Articles, Links
Optimal
green (red-free) digital imaging of conjunctival
vasculature.
Owen CG, Ellis TJ,
Department of Public Health
Sciences,
AIMS/BACKGROUND: Green illumination is
commonly used to image vessels of the retina and conjunctiva. The purpose was
to derive the best optical set-up for imaging vessels of the conjunctiva.
METHODS: The concept of exposure density was used to predict a digital camera
response to imaging vessels on a scleral background.
Practical verification was performed to verify vessel contrast because of the
difficulties in measuring the spectral components of the imaging system, such
as the spectral reflectivity of vessels and sclera. Images of the same
conjunctiva were repetitively taken through different coloured filters, using
the Nikon FS-2 photo slit-lamp and recorded on different coloured channels of
the Kodak DCS 100 digital camera. Gaussian blurred tubular models were fitted
to densitometric profiles across three vessels from
each image, allowing vessel contrast and width to be objectively measured.
These measures were compared using different optical set-ups. RESULTS: Optimal
exposure density calculations and vessel contrast was obtained with the xenon
light source filtered with Wratten 99 (green) and Wratten 96 (neutral density, 0.2 log units) gelatine absorption filters using the green channel of the
digital camera. This image set-up was associated with a 46% (99% CI 43-51%) to
64% (99% CI 58-72%) increase in contrast compared with vessels imaged without
filtration, using the combined colour channel of the
digital camera. Although differences in vessel widths resulted, absolute
differences were marginal. CONCLUSION: With the increased use of digital
imaging, and the need for image processing of vascular networks, image optimisation is beneficial. This study verified the optimal
set-up for non-invasively imaging vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva.
Publication Types:
Validation Studies
PMID: 12090638 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
Ophthalmic Physiol
Opt. 2004 Mar;24(2):74-81. Related Articles, Links
A
comparison of manual and automated methods of measuring conjunctival
vessel widths from photographic and digital images.
Owen CG, Ellis TJ, Woodward EG.
Department of Community Health
Sciences,
We investigated the application of a fully
automated computer algorithm for identifying vessels of the conjunctiva from
their scleral surround, and compared measures of
vessel width with established methods. Vessel widths at 101 locations (ranging
from 20 to 140 micron), from 12 patients, were
measured from film and digital images, using a variety of methods, and
compared. Widths were measured manually, by semi-automated methods using grey
level (densitometric) profiles taken from digital
images, and by automated techniques set at different operating levels. Good
intra-session repeatibility was obtained using the
automated method with an operating sigma value of 3 pixels (16 micron) (mean difference 0.5 micron,
95% CI -8.5 to 9.4 micron) and manual calliper measurements from digitally created photographic
slides (mean difference 0.4 micron, -9.3 to 10.1 micron). For comparison with other measures of width, the
latter was used as the gold standard. Widths measured from film were slightly
larger than those measured directly from digital images, although this effect
was small (5 micron) for most vessels. Overall widths
measured using the automated method, with a sigma value of 3 pixels, agreed
best with the gold standard (inter-method repeatibility;
mean difference 1.4 micron, -32.5 to 35.2 micron) although the automated method overestimated small widths
(<40 micron) and underestimated larger vessel
widths (>40 micron). Automated detection of
vessels of the conjunctiva from digital images avoids manual and operator
involved measures which are time consuming, and which preclude large patient
studies. The resulting data may help in monitoring the vascular response of the
conjunctiva to surgical or pharmacological intervention, and in describing
vascular changes in response to ocular or systemic disease. The application of
this algorithm to the study of retinal vessels is yet to be realised.
Publication Types:
Validation Studies
PMID: 15005671 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
Int
J Tissue React. 2003;25(3):105-15. Related Articles, Links
Microvascular assessment in Behcet
disease: videocapillaroscopic study.
Pasqui
AL, Pastorelli M, Puccetti
L, Beerman U, Biagi F, Camarri A, Palazzuoli A, Servi M, Bischeri D, Saletti M, Bruni F, Auteri A.
Department of Internal Medicine and
Immunology,
The aim of this study was to evaluate microvascular assessment in patients with Behcet disease (BD) by means of an intravital
videocapillaroscopic study. Sixteen BD patients were
compared with an equivalent group of healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Videocapillaroscopy (VCP) was performed in peripheral areas
and in conjunctiva, and morphological and quantitative parameters were
assessed. In both areas VCP showed several morphological alterations (microaneurysms, megacapillaries,
desertification areas) detectable in a high percentage of patients;
quantitatively we found significant changes of incisuring
and sludging score, of capillary loop intermediate
branch length (in peripheral areas) and of arteriole/venule
diameter (in conjunctiva). Therefore, vessel involvement included both the
number and the whole vessel structure and was seen both in peripheral and conjunctival areas when the two different vascular beds of
micro- and paramicrocirculation were examined. We
conclude that an important rearrangement of microcirculation is detectable in
BD and that VCP may have diagnostic and prognostic value, providing qualitative
and quantitative information able to define the systemic extension of vascular
damage and the degree of vessel wall alteration.
PMID: 14756192 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
---------------------------------------------
Clin
Hemorheol Microcirc. 2003;28(4):221-7. Related
Articles, Links
Online
human conjunctival vessel diameter analysis. A
clinical-methodical study.
Nagel E, Vilser
W, Lanzl I.
e_a_nagel@t-online.de
BACKGROUND: The present study investigates
the possible application of a commercially available on-line measuring device
of retinal vessels for conjunctival vessel
assessment. METHODS: Repeated measurements in one randomly chosen eye were
performed in 11 healthy volunteers (mean age 42.9 +/- 10 years). Measurements
of one conjunctival vessel were obtained first
without a stimulus followed by measurements after the application of one drop
of a topical vasoconstrictor. The examinations were performed by Retinal Vessel
Analyzer (RVA, IMEDOS/Germany). This system determines automatically on-line
the vessel diameter along a chosen vessel segment. RESULTS: Measurements in the
native state without eye drop application showed an intraclass
correlation coefficient of 0.97 and a mean variation coefficient of 1.8%. After
application of the topical vasoconstrictor a short acting vasodilatation was
observed with a magnitude of +10.9% +/- 14.9 (p < 0.001), followed by an
increasing vasoconstriction (after 4 min -12.0% +/- 7.6; p = 0.004). One
volunteer had no measurable conjunctival vessels in
the baseline measurements and was therefore excluded from the study.
DISCUSSION: The suggested technique allows the measurement of changes in conjunctival vessel diameter with high precision. The
method represents a non invasive technique for the assessment of effects on conjunctival vessels caused by topical or systemic drugs.
Publication Types:
Evaluation Studies
PMID: 12897413 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
---------------------------------------------
J Immunol.
2004 Mar 1;172(5):3235-42. Related Articles, Links
Direct
in vivo monitoring of acute allergic reactions in human conjunctiva.
Helinto
M, Renkonen R, Tervo T, Vesaluoma M, Saaren-Seppala H, Haahtela T, Kirveskari J.
Department of Ophthalmology,
Immediate allergic reactions are initiated
by allergen-induced, specific IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and involve leukocyte recruitment into the
inflamed site. We compared conjunctival signs,
symptoms, and in vivo leukocyte rolling and extravasation
into sites of inflammation in five patients allergic to birch pollen and in 10 nonallergic controls who received a challenge to birch allergen
or histamine. Both the specific allergen in allergic patients and histamine,
both in patients and in healthy controls, induced symptoms and signs of an
immediate allergic reaction together with leukocyte rolling within the conjunctival blood vessels. However, only allergen, not
histamine, caused leukocyte extravasation into the
site of inflammation in the allergic patients. Allergen also increased
expression of endothelial P-selectin in conjunctival vessels and slowed the rolling of leukocytes
which is required for their extravasation from blood
circulation into the target tissue. Finally, i.v.
heparin strongly reduced the number of slowly rolling cells during allergen- or
histamine-induced reactions and this can probably hinder the leukocyte extravasation after allergen exposure. These findings
suggest that slow rolling is required for leukocyte extravasation
in acute allergic reactions, and it can be inhibited by heparin in vivo in
therapeutically relevant conditions.
PMID: 14978131 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/content/full/97/11/3401
Blood.
2001 Jun 1;97(11):3401-4. Related Articles, Links
Correlation
of abnormal intracranial vessel velocity, measured by transcranial
Doppler ultrasonography, with abnormal conjunctival vessel velocity, measured by computer-assisted
intravital microscopy, in sickle cell disease.
Cheung AT, Harmatz
P, Wun T, Chen PC, Larkin EC, Adams RJ, Vichinsky EP.
Department of Medical Pathology, University
of
The Stroke Prevention Trial has confirmed
that utilization of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD), which examines blood flow in large
intracranial vessels, can identify children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who
are at high risk of developing a premature stroke. It is not known to what
extent the vasculopathy in SCD involves small vessels
and whether the abnormalities, if present, correlate with large-vessel vasculopathy. Eighteen children with SCD were examined with
TCD to determine middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocity and computer-assisted intravital microscopy (CAIM) to determine bulbar conjunctival vessel velocity during the same visit for vasculopathy correlation. High MCA velocity (> or = 200
cm/sec) was found by TCD in 4 patients who also showed abnormal conjunctival velocity (< 0.2 mm/sec or intermittent
trickle flow) by CAIM. Three patients had conditional (> or = 170 cm/sec and
< 200 cm/sec) MCA velocity: 2 showed abnormal (trickle) and 1 showed normal conjunctival velocity (1.9 mm/sec). One patient with unmeasurable MCA velocity had abnormal (trickle) conjunctival velocity. Of the remaining 10 patients who had
normal MCA velocity, 2 showed abnormal (0.05 mm/sec and 0.1 mm/sec) and 8
showed normal conjunctival velocities (1.1-2.4
mm/sec). The MCA velocities correlated significantly with bulbar conjunctival flow velocities (P < or =.008, Fisher exact
test). A correlation exists between MCA (large-vessel) and conjunctival
(small-vessel) flow velocities. CAIM is a noninvasive quantitative technique
that might contribute to the identification of SCD patients at high risk of
stroke. Small-vessel vasculopathy might be an
important pathological indicator and should be further explored in a
large-scale study. (Blood. 2001;97:3401-3404)
PMID: 11369629 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
---------------------------------------------
Int
Angiol. 2000 Jun;19(2):135-41. Related Articles, Links
Microvascular blood is distributed more to venules than to arterioles in patients with Buerger's disease. Observation of bulbar
conjunctiva by intravital microscope system.
Homma S,
Department of Internal Medicine,
National Cardiovascular Center,
BACKGROUND: It has been a matter of
controversy whether abnormalities of organs other than extremities may be a
clinical manifestation of Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans; TAO).
In the present investigation, our aim was to quantitatively characterise
the configuration of microvascular networks in bulbar
conjunctiva, which is not affected apparently, in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. METHODS:
Nine men with thromboangiitis obliterans
attended our hospital and nine male volunteers as normal controls were enrolled
in this study. We observed and analysed the
configuration of the network of a bulbar conjunctiva by use of intravital microscope system with computer assisted image
processing functions. Microvessel density was defined
as a summation of vessel length in a ROI area and tortuosity
was evaluated by a ratio of vessel length to direct distance of both terminals.
RESULTS: In the microcirculation of bulbar conjunctiva in thromboangiitis
obliterans, arteriole diameter was significantly
decreased and density of venules was significantly
increased. Increased venular density was mainly
explained by increased tortuosity of venules. CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, microvascular
blood was distributed more to venules than to
arterioles in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans. Venule/arteriole
ratios of diameter, tortuosity and microvessel density may be useful parameters to
characterize the configuration of microvascular
networks in thromboangiitis obliterans.
PMID: 10905796 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9536887
http://bjo.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/82/1/77
Br J Ophthalmol.
1998 Jan;82(1):77-81.
Related Articles, Links
Capillaries
in the epithelium of pterygium.
Seifert P, Sekundo
W.
Alfried-Krupp-Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology,
AIM: To present new morphological observations
of intraepithelial capillaries in pterygium and to
provide some explanations for this phenomenon. METHODS: The ultrastructural
features of pterygia from 26 patients were examined.
Surgically excised tissue was processed for conventional light and transmission
electron microscopy. RESULTS: Individual capillaries within the epithelium of
the anterior half towards the head of pterygia were
identified in 11 specimens out of 26 pterygia
examined (42.3%). The perivascular connective tissue
of the intraepithelial capillaries contained fibroblasts, collagen fibrils, and
elastin-like material. Epithelial cells surrounding
these capillaries showed defects in the basal lamina in contrast with the
continuous basal lamina of the endothelium. In the intercellular space of the
epithelium an amorphous substance, occasional fibroblast processes, and
collagen fibrils were frequently observed. CONCLUSION: Capillaries in the
epithelium of pterygia are rare, but not exceptional.
The ingrowth of these vessels from the stroma into the epithelium can be interpreted as a reaction
to hypoxia or deficiency of any other substance transported via the
bloodstream. Apparently, the perivascular connective
tissue can be used by ingrowing fibroblasts as a
migration pathway. The migrating fibroblasts appear to use the defects of the
epithelial basal lamina (whether partially or complete) in order to reach the
intercellular space. It is possible that collagen fibrils in the epithelial
intercellular space have been laid down by fibroblasts which contribute to the
pathological dedifferentiation of the conjunctival
epithelium.
PMID: 9536887 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
---------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1494054
J Mal Vasc.
1992;17(4):273-6.
Related Articles, Links
Raynaud's features in childhood. Clinical, immunological and capillaroscopic study.
Navon
P, Yarom A, Davis E.
Department of Pediatrics,
Raynaud's
phenomenon, uncommon in childhood, often heralds connective tissue disorder.
Since microvascular abnormalities can be detected at
an early stage of the connective tissue disease, especially in scleroderma, a specific diagnosis can be made in patients
presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon alone or Raynaud's phenomenon associated with symptoms suggestive of
connective tissue disease. Raynaud's phenomenon was
studied in 11 consecutive children, 10 girls and 1 boy, ages 6 to 15. One child
had a definite diagnosis of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa. In 6 others
connective tissue disease was suspected: 4 had arthritis, 2 has telangiectasia, leg ulcers and antinuclear antibodies. Of
the remaining 4, one had hemiplegia and 3 Raynaud's phenomenon only. Oscillometry
of the radial artery was reduced in 7 of 9. Decreased capillary resistance was
found in 2 of 6, while abrupt thinning in conjunctival
vessels was seen in 3 of 7. On nailfold capillaroscopy, reduced vascularity
was noted in 5 of 11, dilated capillaries in 4 of 11, tortuousity
in 2 of 11, capillary thinning in 1 of 11, capillary spasm in 1 of 11 and
normal pattern in 3 of 11. Two patients presenting with Raynaud's
phenomenon were found to have "scleroderma-like
pattern" on nailfold capillaroscopy.
One of them died 2 years later of cardiopulmonary sclerosis, and another
developed esophageal stricture and Barrett's esophagus. Neither has sclerodermatous skin. In childhood Raynaud's
phenomenon, nailfold capillaroscopy
is a non-invasive examination enabling early diagnosis of "systemic scleroderma sine scleroderma".
PMID: 1494054 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1860387
Zhonghua
Shen Jing Jing Shen Ke
Za Zhi. 1991 Apr;24(2):84-6, 124.
Related Articles, Links
[Bulbar
conjunctival microcirculation in schizophrenics]
[Article in Chinese]
Xie
Y, Wu L.
A comparative observation on bulbar conjunctival microcirculation (BCM) between 38
schizophrenics and 38 normal controls was carried out. The results showed 95%
abnormal BCM in schizophrenics. And among them, the moderate and severe
abnormal BCM was 74%. And in all of the 14 investigated items, the general
abnormalities were 50%. But in normal controls, abnormal BCM was 27%, and just
a few of them appeared the general abnormalities, and no one suggested moderate
and severe abnormal BCM. As compared the results obtained in schizophrenics
with those in normal controls, we found 12 investigated items such as
irregularity in diameter, dilatation and tortuosity
of tiny vena; irregularity in diameter, stiff of tiny arteria;
small hemorrhagic spot, brown pigmentation, red blood cells collected in tiny
vena and capillary, small vascular density, speed of blood flow and arterio-venous ratio were statistically significant.
PMID: 1860387 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2301526
Am J Ophthalmol.
1990 Feb 15;109(2):153-61. Related Articles, Links
Hemorheologic abnormalities in patients with
human immunodeficiency virus infection and ophthalmic microvasculopathy.
Engstrom RE Jr,
Jules Stein Eye Institute,
The severity of conjunctival
microvascular changes and the presence of cotton-wool
spots were compared to factors that may affect blood flow (hematocrit
level, red cell aggregation, fibrinogen level, plasma viscosity, circulating
immune complexes, and quantitative immunoglobulin levels) in 22 human
immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. The severity of conjunctival disease was associated with increased zeta
sedimentation ratios (a measure of red cell aggregation) and fibrinogen levels.
The presence of cotton-wool spots was also associated with higher fibrinogen
levels. Plasma viscosity and quantitative IgG levels
were above normal levels in most patients, although a relationship to disease
severity was not established. Altered blood flow may contribute to vascular
damage and ocular ischemic lesions in patients with human immunodeficiency
virus infection.
PMID: 2301526 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2118030
Chin Med J (Engl).
1990 Feb;103(2):134-41. Related Articles, Links
A
family with Fabry's disease. Ocular
manifestations and transmission electron microscopic examination of a skin
lesion biopsy.
Bao LL, Guo LL, Li SN, Xiao J, Yang JS, Bai LR, Ye PM, Guo ZT, Liu DW.
A family with Fabry's
disease including 2 hemizygotes and 3 heterozygotes is reported. The ocular manifestations
include tortuosity of conjunctival
vessels, Fabry's deposits underlying the anterior
capsule of the lens and the whorl-like corneal dystrophy. Foam cells or
mulberry cells in the urinary sediment and varying numbers of high
electron-dense inclusions in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells in skin lesions
are also important in diagnosing this disease. The concentrations of lipid
peroxide in the sera of 2 hemizygotes in this report
were higher than normal, possibly due to the patients
weak ability of anti-oxygenation and malfunction of cells whose plasma
membranes are easily attacked by free oxygen radicals. The biochemical and
pathological changes, diagnosis, treatment, genetics and prevention of the
disease are discussed.
PMID: 2118030 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3654069
Int
J Microcirc Clin Exp. 1987
Aug;6(3):245-55.
Related Articles, Links
Analysis
of microvascular network in bulbar conjunctiva by
image processing.
Chen PC, Kovalcheck
SW, Zweifach BW.
AMES-Bioengineering,
A digital image processing procedure has
been developed for obtaining quantitative morphometric
data on the microcirculatory network in the human bulbar conjunctiva.
Highlights of this semi-automated approach include: 1. extraction of morphometric information that cannot be readily obtained by
manual methods--length, diameter, and diffusion distributions; 2. speed and
consistency in data generation--only 10 minutes are required to scan and to
analyze 6.7 mm2 of conjunctiva microvasculature. The variation was less than 5%
when images of the same area in the same eye were subjected to analysis at
different times; 3. avoid the human bias factor--the
data obtained by repeated analysis of the same negative varied by less than
0.02%.
PMID: 3654069 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3814565
Br J Ophthalmol.
1987 Jan;71(1):2-10.
Related Articles, Links
Low
dose fluorescein angiography of the conjunctiva and episclera.
Meyer PA, Watson PG.
By reducing the dose of injected fluorescein its leakage from conjunctival
and episcleral capillaries has been minimised. These vessels have been demonstrated with great
clarity, and the venous circulation, previously obscured by extravascular
fluorescein, has also been revealed. The anatomy of
the anterior segment vessels, and the blood flow within them, has been studied
in eight normal subjects. The anterior ciliary arteries feed an anterior episcleral arterial circle that has superficial and deep
components. This supplies the anterior conjunctival
and episcleral circulations, the limbal
arcades, and the iris arterioles. Where the superficial arterial circle is
deficient, isolated vessels emerge from the deep segments of the circle to
supply the episcleral plexus and conjunctival
arterioles. Watershed zones between the anterior and posterior territories of
the conjunctival and episcleral
circulations overlap. They may fluoresce up to 30 seconds after the anterior
ciliary arteries. The scope of this technique and the implications of these
findings are discussed.
PMID: 3814565 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3590013
Ter
Arkh. 1987;59(4):97-100. Related Articles, Links
[The
use of thermography in the clinical evaluation of
microcirculation]
[Article in Russian]
Iakhontova
OI, Rutgaizer IaM, Somova EP.
A method of thermography
of the hands including the cold test was employed to evaluate peripheral
microcirculation in 116 patients (34 with atherosclerosis of the vessels of
different sites, 38 with chronic diffuse liver diseases and 38 with chronic pancreatitis). In 29 patients with hepatocirrhosis
and chronic pancreatitis microcirculation was also
studied by conjunctival biomicroscopy.
Microcirculatory disturbances by the method of thermography
of the hands, particularly using the cold test, were revealed in a considerable
number of cases of primary vascular pathology as well as in chronic liver and
pancreatic diseases. Parallelism in the recognition of microcirculatory disturbances
by the methods of thermography and conjunctival biomicroscopy was
noted. The method of thermography of the hands
permitted the evaluation of reactivity of the vessels of the microcirculatory
bed. Taking into account its sufficient informative value, noninvasiveness,
simplicity and an opportunity of dynamic observations it can be recommended for
a wider clinical use to study microcirculatory disturbances.
PMID: 3590013 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3784446
Klin
Wochenschr. 1986 Oct 1;64(19):953-5. Related Articles, Links
Microcirculation
in the conjunctival capillaries of healthy and
hypertensive patients.
Korber
N, Jung F, Kiesewetter H, Wolf S, Prunte
C, Reim M.
To study the impact of hypertension on conjunctival circulation, one group of healthy individuals
and three groups of hypertensive patients (different stages of disease) were
examined. Each participant had to undergo videomicroscopy
to determine erythrocyte velocity in conjunctival
capillaries, reactive hyperaemia and the diameter of
the erythrocyte column within the vessels. Compared to healthy subjects,
erythrocyte velocity and the diameter of the erythrocyte column were markedly
increased in hypertensive patients. Furthermore the normalization of the
erythrocyte velocity after a period of hypoxia was impaired in the hypertensives. These results indicate that changes in
microcirculation due to hypertension can be detected by video microscopy.
PMID: 3784446 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3786297
Probl
Endokrinol (Mosk). 1986
Sep-Oct;32(5):18-22.
Related Articles, Links
[Microcirculatory
disorder in the bulbar conjunctiva of patients with diabetic retinopathy]
[Article in Russian]
Danilova
AI.
Biomicroscopy
was employed to study the state of microcirculation of the bulbar conjunctiva
in 166 patients with diabetes mellitus at different stages of the ophthalmoscopic assessment of the fundus
of the eye. Disorder in conjunctival microhemodynamics was found in 89.7% of the patients, in
the presence of retinopathy in all the cases and in a normal picture of the fundus of the eye in 69.3%. Qualitative and quantitative
changes in microcirculation of the conjunctiva were shown to depend on the
stage and form of diabetic retinopathies. Values of changes of the total conjunctival index and its constituents were on an increase
with aggravation of a pathological process in the fundus
of the eye. Vascular changes prevailed in the diabetic-sclerotic and
diabetic-hypertensive forms of retinopathies, intravascular changes and perivascular edema prevailed in the diabetic-renal form.
PMID: 3786297 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=3831149
Int
Angiol. 1985 Jul-Sep;4(3):275-83. Related Articles, Links
Microcirculation
in the elderly.
Tassi
G, Maggi G, de Nicola P.
Studies on microcirculation in the elderly
include observations in the small vessels of the bulbar conjunctiva and of the nailbed with respect to a classification of the findings
according to a number of semeiologic criteria
(diameter and shape alterations, terminal capillary network, intravascular
red cell aggregation). In vascular diseases of the elderly there are typical
alterations of the capillaroscopic findings in the
bulbar conjunctiva and in the nailbed, particularly
in cases of arteriosclerosis, arterial hypertension, diabetic microangiopathy, heart failure, ischemic
myocardiopathies. During the treatment with some vasoactive drugs (nicotinic acid and its derivatives, buflomedil, CPD-choline) there
are marked modifications of the small conjunctival
vessels, with evident dilatations, appearance of collaterals, increased
homogeneity of the blood flow, better evidence of the capillary network and
reduction of intravascular red cell aggregation.
PMID: 3831149 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2579512
ZFA.
1985 Jan-Feb;40(1):51-5. Related Articles, Links
[Aging
changes in conjunctival blood vessels]
[Article in German]
Siprova
H, Vacek L.
The relation of the
changes in the conjunctival blood vessels to the age
were studied in a group of 217 persons aged 20 to 79 years. All persons
suffering from arterial hypertension, diabetes, systemic diseases and
manifested forms of arteriosclerosis were excluded. It has been proved that
examination of the conjunctival blood vessels by
means of the slot-lamp facilitates the study of the changes in the microscopic
blood vessels in relation to the age. Most conspicuous was the increase of the
meander course of the blood vessels, also the increasing number of blood
vessels is more frequent in the group of older persons. Clusters of vessels and
a narrowing of the diameter of the arterioles was seen
only in persons over fifty years of age. The "upright" course of the
arterioles was found only in individual cases and without any special
dependence to age. Sacculations on the small veins
and microaneurysms on the arterioles were not
observed in any of the examined group of healthy persons.
PMID: 2579512 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=6707531
J Mal Vasc.
1984;9(1):23-8.
Related Articles, Links
[Capillaroscopy and Raynaud's
phenomenon]
[Article in French]
Carpentier
P, Franco A.
Nailfold
capillary microscopy is a simple and noninvasive screening test for the
etiological diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon:
--dilating capillary dystrophia, with its large
capillary loops (megacapillaries), it is a very
specific sign of connective tissue disorders, especially systemic sclerosis;
--meshed or branched-tree shaped capillaries are neocapillaries,
the meaning of which is very often a dermal vasculitis
(S. L. E., rheumatoid arthritis, paraneoplastic Raynaud's phenomenon, or even chilblains); --when numerous
abnormal capillary loops and hemorrhages are seen without any special pattern,
the diagnosis of idiopathic Raynaud's disease is very
unlikely and an extensive biological investigation is needed; --nailfold capillaries look like normal in idiopathic Raynaud's disease and, in this case, only a sharp physical
examination and a few biological tests are required. Conjunctival
angioscopy is a useful complementary test in some
cases when nailfold capillaroscopy
is unreliable. Capillary video microscopy is an interesting method for further
investigations about the physiopathology of Raynaud's
phenomenon.
PMID: 6707531 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7129189
Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1982 Aug;(8):28-33. Related Articles, Links
[Use
of conjunctival biomicroscopy
for the early diagnosis and assessment of the effectiveness of pathogenetic therapy of chronic chromium poisoning]
[Article in Russian]
Iakovlev NA, Kosherov KB, Sliusar'
TA, Bralov KB.
PMID: 7129189 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7093046
Biull
Vsesoiuznogo Kardiol Nauchn Tsentra AMN SSSR. 1982;5(1):49-51. Related
Articles, Links
[Fluorescein angiographic studies of the perilimbal
conjunctiva and limbus in hypertension]
[Article in Russian]
Katsnel'son
LA, Gurtovaia EE, Nikol'skaia
VV, Balishanskaia TI, Erina
EV.
Seventeen patients with vegetovascular
dystonia with hypertensive reactions, 19 patients
with essential hypertension at IB-IIA stages, and 26 hypertensive patients at
IIB stage of the disease underwent fluorescein-angiographic
study of the perilimbal conjunctiva and limb. The
advantage of this method as compared to the biomicroscopic
one, is that it allows one to obtain objectively
documented information on the state of vessels and velocity of blood flow in
them. It was established that by the method of fluorescein-angiography
of the perilimbal conjunctiva region and limb there
may be detected pathologic changes in the microcirculation of the field under
study not only at early stages of essential hypertension but also in vegetovascular dystonia patients
with hypertensive reactions, when changes on the fundus
of the eye were absent.
Publication Types:
Case Reports
PMID: 7093046 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7267034
Ophthalmology.
1981 Jul;88(7):655-7.
Related Articles, Links
Morphometry of diabetic conjunctival
blood vessels.
Worthen
DM, Fenton BM, Rosen P, Zweifach B.
Photographs of the bulbar conjunctiva of 56
diabetic and 59 nondiabetic control patients were
analyzed by newly developed morphometric techniques.
When compared to controls diabetic patients showed: (1) decreased vascularity in the capillary bed but an increased vascularity of the venules with a
volume shift in the distribution of blood into the venules;
(2) an increased capillary pressure but comparable flow and, therefore,
increased capillary resistance; (3) an increase in the range of background
density suggesting either focal thickening of the interstitial tissue or
variable amounts of fluid within the tissue; (4) a decrease in the percentage
of the area occupied by microvessels; and (5) an
increase in diffusion distance to all vessels.
PMID: 7267034 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7293590
Zh
Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova.
1981;81(6):905-10.
Related Articles, Links
[Microcirculation
in alcoholics]
[Article in Russian]
Kochegurov
VN.
Conjunctival
biomicroscopy was used to examine microcirculation in
221 males suffering from alcoholism. The control group consisted of 73
practically healthy males. Marked perivascular, vascular, and intravascular changes were revealed in the
terminal blood flow system in all the alcoholics; these changes were found to
progress, as the disease became graver. After 1.5- to 2-month antialcoholic treatment a distinct improvement of only perivascular disturbances was noted. Quantitative
assessment of the microcirculation using the conjunctival
indices can be taken for an additional criterion of diagnosis and specification
of the alcoholism stage.
PMID: 7293590 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=496855
Bibl Anat. 1979;(18):310-2. Related Articles, Links
An
evaluation of biomicroscopy of the conjunctival vessels.
Human clinical biomicroscopy
is an aid to the assessment of the microcirculation in health and disease. It
has only limited diagnostic value but in some important conditions gives
helpful clues and in a few conditions pathognomonic
information. Features which can be evaluated include intravascular red cell
aggregation, small blood vessel patterns, diameter of vessels, stasis pools, microaneurysms, petechiae and vasomotion. Red cell aggregation correlates well with
sedimentation rate. Some of these factors, or combinations of them, correlate
well with arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and hypertension. The apparatus required
is relatively simple, and the method is noninvasive.
PMID: 496855 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=748720
Microvasc
Res. 1978 Nov;16(3):369-72. Related Articles, Links
Arteriolar
rarefaction in the conjunctiva of human essential hypertensives.
Harper RN,
PMID: 748720 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=1268306
Biomedicine.
1976 Jan;24(1):UNKNOWN. Related Articles, Links
Biochemical
and ultrastructural study of human diabetic
conjunctiva.
Kern P, Regnault
F, Robert L.
Combined biochemical and ultrastructural study of conjunctival
biopsies of 27 normal subjects and 45 diabetics (40 to 60 years old) was made.
The "in vitro" incorporation of 14C-glucosamine and 3H-proline in
freshly excised conjunctival biopsies was studied.
The alterations of the capillary basement membrane of the conjunctiva were
studied by electron microscopy. The following results were obtained: 1) A decrease of the specific activity of 14C-glucosmaine
incorporation was found in fractions of diabetic conjunctiva. 2) In diabetic
conjunctiva the percentages of 3H-proline incorporation in polymeric collagen
containing fraction and structural glycoproteins
containing fraction were significantly increased with a parallel decrease of
3H-proline incorporation in "crude soluble collagen" fraction
expressed as a percentage of total incorporation. 3) Significant thickening of
capillary basement membrane was observed with the appearance of collagen-like
fibrils within the basement membrane in diabetic conjunctiva. Such fibrils were
not seen in normal basement membranes. A relation between the extent of
basement membrane thickening and the appearance of collagen-like fibrils is
suggested. 4) The higher percentage of incorporation of 3H-proline in polymeric
collagen may be related to the appearance of collagen fibrils in thickened
basement membranes of the diabetic conjunctival
capillaries. 5) These results suggest an abnormal regulation of the relative
rate of biosynthesis and/or excretion of intercellular matrix macromolecules
(collagen, structural glycoproteins) as part of the
metabolic disorders characterising diabetes.
PMID: 1268306 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8853363
Am J Physiol.
1996 Sep;271(3 Pt 2):H1229-39. Related Articles, Links
Modeling
and simulation of illumination effects for evaluation of microvessels
of the conjunctiva.
Wick CE, Loew MH,
Kurantsin-Mills J.
Department of Weapons and Systems
We present the development of a
comprehensive model that was undertaken to determine the relationships between
the components of an image and the light intensity values present in the image
of the microvessels of translucent tissues such as
the bulbar conjunctiva. Experiments were conducted during the modeling process
by use of a cylindrical microvessel embedded in a
diffuse medium (phantom) on a reflecting background to affirm model components
and simulations. The three-dimensional model was reduced to a single
illumination plane with four regions of interest and modeled as Lambertian radiators and surfaces. The modeling showed that
the top of the cylinder and its immediate vicinity are diffuse reflectors of
light from the source plus light reflected from the background. The limbus of the cylinder is a diffuse reflector of the source
and background illumination and a specular reflector
of background reflections that achieve a high grazing angle with the cylinder.
The immediate vicinity of the cylinder receives direct illumination from the
source, but the light is partially obscured by the cylinder. The region beyond
the shadow of the cylinder is a diffuse reflector of the overhead light. The
diffuse medium additionally reflects the source and also attenuates the
illumination reaching the other compo- rents of the scene. The direct and
reflected illumination at each region of the model was calculated by use of
specific geometric relationships. To verify those calculations, we analyzed a
video simulation for the effects of different illumination conditions and their
contributing elements. Intensity values were calculated from the relative
reflectivity data determined from the video signals. The illumination values at
the points along the line at the meridian of the cylinder were due to its
reflectivity and also that of the medium. Similarly, the values of points
distant from the shadow of the cylinder were due to the reflectivity of the
background and the medium. The excellent agreement between the model and the
phantom provides a foundation for the detection and precise measurement of microvessel dimensions within a diffuse medium. The
additional ability to compute relative depth, from a single view, also permits
discrimination between neighboring microvessels in
complex images.
PMID: 8853363 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
Surv
Ophthalmol. 2003 Mar-Apr;48(2):224-9. Related Articles, Links
A
red eye and then a really red eye.
Departments of Ophthalmology and
Neurology,
A 90-year-old woman presented with a 4-week
history of a presumed infectious conjunctivitis resistant to topical antibiotic
medications. Examination revealed tortuous, dilated conjunctival
vessels in the right eye, retinal hemorrhages, and an orbital bruit suggestive
of a carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF). While awaiting a magnetic resonance
imaging study, she returned to the clinic the next day with a painful, swollen
right eye and an intraocular pressure of 69 mm Hg. A cerebral arteriogram
confirmed a direct CCF. Because of the tortuosity of
the systemic vascular anatomy, a right carotid artery cut-down with balloon
occlusion was performed with successful closure of the fistula and prompt
resolution of the orbital congestion. This case illustrates the spectrum of
subtle to conspicuous ocular manifestations that can be seen in patients with
CCF and its potential to present as an emergency. CCF should be included in the
differential diagnosis of an "atypical" red eye. Recognition of arteriolized conjunctival vessels
and auscultation of an orbital bruit raises the possibility of a CCF, requiring
prompt diagnostic studies.
Publication Types:
Case Reports
PMID: 12686306 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=2089804
Vrach
Delo. 1990 Dec;(12):6-8. Related Articles, Links
[The
effect of tocopherol and nicotinic acid on the
microcirculation and blood coagulability in patients
with ischemic heart disease]
[Article in Russian]
Chernomorets
NN, Kotlubei GV, Vatutin
NT, Zhivotovskaia IA, Gnilitskaia
VB, Alifanova RE, Lobach EIa, Mal'tseva NV, Mitrofanov AN.
Patients with ischemic heart disease were
treated by routine techniques (53), using also tocopherol
acetate (54) and combination of tocopherol with
nicotinic acid (53). Changes of the microcirculatory bed of the bulbar
conjunctiva was studied biomicroscopically and in the
process of blood coagulation hemoelectrocoagulographically.
Complex treatment using tocopherol acetate produced a
positive effect on the coagulation properties of the blood and did essentially
influence the fibrinolytic activity and
microcirculation. Tocopherol plus nicotinic acid
resulted in normalization of the blood coagulation process, favoured
activation of fibrinolysis and improvement of the
microcirculatory bed.
PMID: 2089804 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=2695353&dopt=Abstract
Eye.
1989;3 ( Pt 2):218-26.
Related Articles, Links
Pathogenesis
of pterygium.
Hill JC, Maske R.
Department of Ophthalmology,
This paper reviews the histological and
epidemiological characteristics of pterygium which
suggest that chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation plays an important role
in the pathogenesis of this disorder. However, there is conflicting evidence
indicating that chronic inflammation from other causes can induce the disease.
The results of two epidemiological surveys undertaken in Southern
Publication Types:
Review
Review, Tutorial
PMID: 2695353 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=8033571&dopt=Abstract
Cornea.
1994 May;13(3):219-24.
Related Articles, Links
A
model for pterygium formation.
Kwok LS,
Corneal Physiology and Biophysics
Laboratory,
The formation of a pterygium
is modelled using a population balance model of
corneal and limbal epithelial production. Scattered
light incident at the temporal limbus is focused at
the nasal limbus with a peak intensity > or = 20
times. We hypothesize that this causes a focal alteration of corneal epithelial
stem cells (which play a role in maintaining a barrier between corneal and conjunctival epithelia). Normative rabbit corneal data were
used. Light-induced conjunctival epithelial
proliferation was implemented by amplifying normal epithelial cell production
along a nasal sector of the limbal circumference. A
ten-fold normal peak in stimulation was assumed at the nasal zero azimuth (3 o'clock position in the right eye) with a
quadratic attenuation to zero stimulation (normal) at the circumferential
limits. Adjacent points on the outer limbus were
assumed to be independent generators of epithelial cells that migrated in
centripetal streams into the cornea. Normalization of the attrition rate for a
net surface accumulation of the proliferating cells was embedded into the
computational algorithm. The localized conjunctival
mass was allowed to travel the predicted distance along the surface before the
final shape was computed. The result shows a wing-shaped mass with a curved
leading edge (corneal side). It is proposed that the initial biologic event in pterygium pathogenesis is an alteration of limbal stem cells due to chronic ultraviolet light
exposure. The concomitant breakdown of the limbal
barrier and subsequent conjunctivalization of the
cornea explain the shape and formation of a primary pterygium.
PMID: 8033571 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://archopht.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/119/5/695
Pterygia Pathogenesis
Corneal
Invasion by Matrix Metalloproteinase Expressing Altered Limbal
Epithelial Basal Cells
Nicholas Dushku,
MD; Molykutty K. John, PhD; Gregory S. Schultz, PhD;
Ted W. Reid, PhD
Arch Ophthalmol.
2001;119:695-706.
Objective To assess the potential
role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the pathogenesis of pterygia
by comparing the immunolocalization patterns of MMPs in altered limbal basal stem
cells, activated fibroblasts, and areas of elastotic
degeneration adjacent to the pterygia.
Methods
Nine primary and 1 recurrent pterygia along
with normal superior limbal-conjunctival tissue and
cornea were immunostained with mouse monoclonal
antibodies specific for MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, membrane type 1 (MT1)–MMP
(MMP-14), and membrane type 2–MMP (MMP-15).
Results
Conclusions Altered limbal basal epithelial cells (pterygium
cells) immunostained for multiple types of MMPs in contrast to normal conjunctival,
limbal, and corneal cells. The pterygium
cells invading over Bowman's layer produce elevated MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9
expression, which probably are the main MMPs
responsible for the dissolution of Bowman's layer. Pterygium
cells may also cause activation of fibroblasts at the head of the pterygium, leading to the initial cleavage of fibrillar collagen in Bowman's layer by the production of
MMP-1. Altered fibroblasts in areas of elastotic
degeneration (pingueculae) trailing behind the pterygium constitute a second type of tumor, which is
noninvasive.
Clinical Relevance These data of altered MMP expression
support the concept that altered basal limbal
epithelial cells play a key role in the formation and migration of a pterygium.
From the Department of Ophthalmology,
Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Sacramento, Calif
(Dr Dushku); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
Institute for Wound Healing, University of Florida, Gainesville (Drs John and
Schultz); and Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock (Dr Reid).
----------------------------------------------
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=888844
Am J Med. 1977 Aug;63(2):208-14. Related Articles, Links
Conjunctival microangiopathy. An early sign of
degenerative vascular disease?
Elliott FA,
Biomicroscopic
examination of the bulbar conjunctival vessels
regularly discloses degenerative microangiopathy in
patients with overt arteriosclerotic cerebral
vascular disease. Examination of a group of normotensive
nondiabetic adults aged 21 to 39 years disclosed
similar but less severe changes in 56 per cent of the men and 26 per cent of
the women. The incidence was higher (88 per cent of the men and 45 per cent of
the women) in those with a strong family history of early death from arteriosclerotic disease. There was no consistent
correlation between the severity of the microangiopathy
and the values for hematocrit, cholesterol,
triglycerides or blood pressure. Conjunctival microangiopathy, like atherosclerosis of larger vessels,
starts in the second and third decades and advances with age. We suggest that microangiopathic changes in the conjunctival
vessels may provide the first readily detectable evidence of degenerative
vascular disease.
PMID: 888844 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE]
----------------------------------------------
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=14841253
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=436287&action=stream&blobtype=pdf
J Clin Invest.
1951 Jun;30(6):539-46.
Related Articles, Links
Peripheral
vascular hemodynamics in the bulbar conjunctiva of
subjects with hypertensive vascular disease.
LEE RE, HOLZE EA.
PMID: 14841253 [PubMed
- OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966]
----------------------------------------------